Table of Contents
Session based authentication
Learn how to secure a Micronaut application using Session based authentication.
Authors: Sergio del Amo
Micronaut Version: 4.6.3
1. Getting Started
In this guide, we will create a Micronaut application written in Kotlin with session based authentication.
The following sequence illustrates the authentication flow:
2. What you will need
To complete this guide, you will need the following:
-
Some time on your hands
-
A decent text editor or IDE (e.g. IntelliJ IDEA)
-
JDK 21 or greater installed with
JAVA_HOME
configured appropriately
3. Solution
We recommend that you follow the instructions in the next sections and create the application step by step. However, you can go right to the completed example.
-
Download and unzip the source
4. Writing the Application
Create an application using the Micronaut Command Line Interface or with Micronaut Launch.
mn create-app --features=security-session,views-velocity,reactor,graalvm example.micronaut.micronautguide --build=gradle --lang=kotlin --test=spock
If you don’t specify the --build argument, Gradle with the Kotlin DSL is used as the build tool. If you don’t specify the --lang argument, Java is used as the language.If you don’t specify the --test argument, JUnit is used for Java and Kotlin, and Spock is used for Groovy.
|
If you use Micronaut Launch, select "Micronaut Application" as application type and add the security-session
, views-velocity
, reactor
, and graalvm
features.
The previous command creates a Micronaut application with the default package example.micronaut
in a directory named micronautguide
.
If you have an existing Micronaut application and want to add the functionality described here, you can view the dependency and configuration changes from the specified features, and apply those changes to your application. |
4.1. Configuration
Add this configuration to application.yml
:
micronaut:
security:
authentication: session (1)
redirect:
login-success: / (2)
login-failure: /login/authFailed (3)
1 | Set micronaut.security.authentication to session . It sets the necessary beans for login and logout using session based authentication. |
2 | After the user logs in, redirect them to the Home page. |
3 | If the login fails, redirect them to /login/authFailed |
4.2. Authentication Provider
To keep this guide simple, create a naive AuthenticationProvider
to simulate user’s authentication.
package example.micronaut
import io.micronaut.http.HttpRequest
import io.micronaut.security.authentication.AuthenticationRequest
import io.micronaut.security.authentication.AuthenticationResponse
import io.micronaut.security.authentication.provider.HttpRequestReactiveAuthenticationProvider
import jakarta.inject.Singleton
import org.reactivestreams.Publisher
import reactor.core.publisher.Flux
import reactor.core.publisher.FluxSink
@Singleton (1)
class AuthenticationProviderUserPassword<B> : HttpRequestReactiveAuthenticationProvider<B> { (2)
override fun authenticate(
httpRequest: HttpRequest<B>?,
authenticationRequest: AuthenticationRequest<String, String>
): Publisher<AuthenticationResponse> {
return Flux.create({ emitter: FluxSink<AuthenticationResponse> ->
if (authenticationRequest.identity == "sherlock" && authenticationRequest.secret == "password") {
emitter.next(AuthenticationResponse.success(authenticationRequest.identity as String))
emitter.complete()
} else {
emitter.error(AuthenticationResponse.exception())
}
}, FluxSink.OverflowStrategy.ERROR)
}
}
1 | Use jakarta.inject.Singleton to designate a class as a singleton. |
2 | A reactive Micronaut Authentication Provider implements the interface io.micronaut.security.authentication.provider.HttpRequestReactiveAuthenticationProvider . |
4.3. Apache Velocity
By default, Micronaut controllers produce JSON. Usually, you consume those endpoints with a mobile phone application, or a JavaScript front end (Angular, React, Vue.js, etc.). However, to keep this guide simple we will produce HTML in our controllers.
In order to do that, we use Apache Velocity and the Micronaut Server Side View Rendering Module.
Velocity is a Java-based template engine. It permits anyone to use a simple yet powerful template language to reference objects defined in Java code.
Create two velocity templates in src/main/resources/views
:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Home</title>
</head>
<body>
#if( $loggedIn )
<h1>username: <span>$username</span></h1>
#else
<h1>You are not logged in</h1>
#end
#if( $loggedIn )
<form action="logout" method="POST">
<input type="submit" value="Logout"/>
</form>
#else
<p><a href="/login/auth">Login</a></p>
#end
</body>
</html>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
#if( $errors )
<title>Login Failed</title>
#else
<title>Login</title>
#end
</head>
<body>
<form action="/login" method="POST">
<ol>
<li>
<label for="username">Username</label>
<input type="text" name="username" id="username"/>
</li>
<li>
<label for="password">Password</label>
<input type="password" name="password" id="password"/>
</li>
<li>
<input type="submit" value="Login"/>
</li>
#if( $errors )
<li id="errors">
<span style="color: red;">Login Failed</span>
</li>
#end
</ol>
</form>
</body>
</html>
4.4. Controllers
Create HomeController
which resolves the base URL /
:
package example.micronaut
import io.micronaut.http.annotation.Controller
import io.micronaut.http.annotation.Get
import io.micronaut.security.annotation.Secured
import io.micronaut.security.rules.SecurityRule
import io.micronaut.views.View
import java.security.Principal
@Secured(SecurityRule.IS_ANONYMOUS) (1)
@Controller (2)
class HomeController {
@Get (3)
@View("home") (4)
fun index(principal: Principal?): Map<String, Any> { (5)
val data = mutableMapOf<String, Any>("loggedIn" to (principal != null))
if (principal != null) {
data["username"] = principal.name
}
return data
}
}
1 | Annotate with io.micronaut.security.Secured to configure security access. Use isAnonymous() expression to allow access to authenticated and unauthenticated users. |
2 | Annotate with io.micronaut.http.annotation.Controller to designate the class as a Micronaut controller. |
3 | You can specify the HTTP verb that a controller action responds to. To respond to a GET request, use io.micronaut.http.annotation.Get |
4 | Use View annotation to specify which template to use to render the response. |
5 | If you are authenticated, you can use the java.security.Principal as a parameter type. For parameters which may be null , use io.micronaut.core.annotation.Nullable . |
5. Login Form
Next, create LoginAuthController
which renders the login form.
package example.micronaut
import io.micronaut.http.annotation.Controller
import io.micronaut.http.annotation.Get
import io.micronaut.security.annotation.Secured
import io.micronaut.security.rules.SecurityRule
import io.micronaut.views.View
@Secured(SecurityRule.IS_ANONYMOUS) (1)
@Controller("/login") (2)
class LoginAuthController {
@Get("/auth") (3)
@View("auth") (4)
fun auth(): Map<String, Any> = mutableMapOf()
@Get("/authFailed") (5)
@View("auth") (4)
fun authFailed(): Map<String, Any> = mutableMapOf("errors" to true)
}
1 | Annotate with io.micronaut.security.Secured to configure security access. Use isAnonymous() expression for anonymous access. |
2 | Annotate with io.micronaut.http.annotation.Controller to designate the class as a Micronaut controller. |
3 | Responds to GET requests at /login/auth |
4 | Use View annotation to specify which template to use to render the response. |
5 | Responds to GET requests at /login/authFailed |
6. Tests
We also use Geb, a browser automation solution.
To use Geb, add these dependencies:
testImplementation("org.gebish:geb-spock:7.0")
testImplementation("org.seleniumhq.selenium:htmlunit-driver:3.62.0")
Geb uses the Page concept pattern; the Page Object Pattern gives us a common sense way to model content in a reusable and maintainable way.
Create three pages:
/*
* Copyright 2017-2024 original authors
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package example.micronaut
import geb.Page
class HomePage extends Page {
static url = '/'
static at = { title == 'Home' }
static content = {
loginLink { $('a', text: 'Login') }
logoutButton { $('input', type: 'submit', value: 'Logout') }
usernameElement(required: false) { $('h1 span', 0) }
}
String username() {
usernameElement.empty ? null : usernameElement.text()
}
void login() {
loginLink.click()
}
void logout() {
logoutButton.click()
}
}
/*
* Copyright 2017-2024 original authors
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package example.micronaut
import geb.Page
class LoginPage extends Page {
static url = '/login/auth'
static at = { title.contains 'Login' }
static content = {
usernameInput { $('#username') }
passwordInput { $('#password') }
submitInput { $('input', type: 'submit') }
errorsLi(required: false) { $('li#errors') }
}
boolean hasErrors() {
!errorsLi.empty
}
void login(String username, String password) {
usernameInput = username
passwordInput = password
submitInput.click()
}
}
/*
* Copyright 2017-2024 original authors
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package example.micronaut
import geb.Page
class LoginFailedPage extends Page {
static at = { title == 'Login Failed' }
static url = '/login/authFailed'
}
Create a test to verify the user authentication flow.
/*
* Copyright 2017-2024 original authors
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package example.micronaut
import geb.spock.GebSpec
import io.micronaut.runtime.server.EmbeddedServer
import io.micronaut.test.extensions.spock.annotation.MicronautTest
import jakarta.inject.Inject
@MicronautTest (1)
class SessionAuthenticationSpec extends GebSpec {
@Inject
EmbeddedServer embeddedServer (2)
def "verify session based authentication works"() {
given:
browser.baseUrl = "http://localhost:${embeddedServer.port}"
when:
to HomePage
then:
at HomePage
when:
HomePage homePage = browser.page HomePage
then: 'As we are not logged in, there is no username'
homePage.username() == null
when: 'click the login link'
homePage.login()
then:
at LoginPage
when: 'fill the login form, with invalid credentials'
LoginPage loginPage = browser.page LoginPage
loginPage.login('foo', 'foo')
then: 'the user is still in the login form'
at LoginPage
and: 'and error is displayed'
loginPage.hasErrors()
when: 'fill the form with wrong credentials'
loginPage.login('sherlock', 'foo')
then: 'we get redirected to the home page'
at LoginFailedPage
when: 'fill the form with valid credentials'
loginPage.login('sherlock', 'password')
then: 'we get redirected to the home page'
at HomePage
when:
homePage = browser.page HomePage
then: 'the username is populated'
homePage.username() == 'sherlock'
when: 'click the logout button'
homePage.logout()
then: 'we are in the home page'
at HomePage
when:
homePage = browser.page HomePage
then: 'but we are no longer logged in'
homePage.username() == null
}
}
1 | Annotate the class with @MicronautTest so the Micronaut framework will initialize the application context and the embedded server. More info. |
2 | Inject the EmbeddedServer bean. |
7. Testing the Application
To run the tests:
./gradlew test
Then open build/reports/tests/test/index.html
in a browser to see the results.
8. Running the Application
To run the application, use the ./gradlew run
command, which starts the application on port 8080.
9. Generate a Micronaut Application Native Executable with GraalVM
We will use GraalVM, the polyglot embeddable virtual machine, to generate a native executable of our Micronaut application.
Compiling native executables ahead of time with GraalVM improves startup time and reduces the memory footprint of JVM-based applications.
Only Java and Kotlin projects support using GraalVM’s native-image tool. Groovy relies heavily on reflection, which is only partially supported by GraalVM.
|
9.1. GraalVM installation
sdk install java 21.0.5-graal
For installation on Windows, or for manual installation on Linux or Mac, see the GraalVM Getting Started documentation.
The previous command installs Oracle GraalVM, which is free to use in production and free to redistribute, at no cost, under the GraalVM Free Terms and Conditions.
Alternatively, you can use the GraalVM Community Edition:
sdk install java 21.0.2-graalce
9.2. Native executable generation
To generate a native executable using Gradle, run:
./gradlew nativeCompile
The native executable is created in build/native/nativeCompile
directory and can be run with build/native/nativeCompile/micronautguide
.
It is possible to customize the name of the native executable or pass additional parameters to GraalVM:
graalvmNative {
binaries {
main {
imageName.set('mn-graalvm-application') (1)
buildArgs.add('--verbose') (2)
}
}
}
1 | The native executable name will now be mn-graalvm-application |
2 | It is possible to pass extra arguments to build the native executable |
10. Next steps
Explore more features with Micronaut Guides.
11. Help with the Micronaut Framework
The Micronaut Foundation sponsored the creation of this Guide. A variety of consulting and support services are available.
12. License
All guides are released with an Apache license 2.0 license for the code and a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license for the writing and media (images…). |