Table of Contents

Deploy a Micronaut application as a GraalVM Native Executable to AWS Lambda

Learn how to distribute a Micronaut Java application built as a GraalVM Native executable to AWS Lambda Custom Runtime

Authors: Sergio del Amo

Micronaut Version: 4.6.3

1. Getting Started

Please read about Micronaut AWS Lambda Support to learn more about different Lambda runtime, Triggers, and Handlers, and how to integrate with a Micronaut application.

The biggest problem with Java applications and Lambda is how to mitigate Cold startups. Executing GraalVM Native executables of a Micronaut function in a Lambda Custom runtime is a solution to this problem.

In this guide, we will deploy a Micronaut Application as a GraalVM Native executable to an AWS Lambda custom runtime. If your Lambda integrates with API Gateway via a Lambda Proxy, a Micronaut function of type Application with the aws-lambda feature is a good fit, especially when you have multiple endpoints which you wish to delegate to a single Lambda.

In this guide, we will create a Micronaut application written in Java.

2. What you will need

To complete this guide, you will need the following:

3. Solution

We recommend that you follow the instructions in the next sections and create the application step by step. However, you can go right to the completed example.

4. Writing the Application

Create an application using the Micronaut Command Line Interface or with Micronaut Launch.

mn create-app example.micronaut.micronautguide \
    --features=aws-lambda,graalvm \
    --build=maven \
    --lang=java \
    --test=junit
If you don’t specify the --build argument, Gradle with the Kotlin DSL is used as the build tool.
If you don’t specify the --lang argument, Java is used as the language.
If you don’t specify the --test argument, JUnit is used for Java and Kotlin, and Spock is used for Groovy.

The previous command creates a Micronaut application with the default package example.micronaut in a directory named micronautguide.

If you use Micronaut Launch, select Micronaut Application as application type and add aws-lambda, and graalvm features.

If you have an existing Micronaut application and want to add the functionality described here, you can view the dependency and configuration changes from the specified features, and apply those changes to your application.

Diff

Setup IntelliJ IDEA to develop Micronaut Applications.

5. Controller

The generated application contains a HomeController. It responds to POST request to /.

src/main/java/example/micronaut/HomeController.java
package example.micronaut;
import io.micronaut.http.annotation.Controller;
import io.micronaut.http.annotation.Get;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Map;

@Controller
public class HomeController {

    @Get
    public Map<String, Object> index() {
        return Collections.singletonMap("message", "Hello World");
    }
}
1 The class is defined as a controller with the @Controller annotation mapped to the path /.
2 The @Get annotation maps the index method to an HTTP GET request on /.

6. Controller Test

The generated tests illustrates how the code works when the lambda gets invoked:

src/test/java/example/micronaut/HomeControllerTest.java
package example.micronaut;
import com.amazonaws.services.lambda.runtime.events.APIGatewayProxyRequestEvent;
import io.micronaut.function.aws.proxy.payload1.ApiGatewayProxyRequestEventFunction;
import io.micronaut.function.aws.proxy.MockLambdaContext;
import io.micronaut.http.HttpMethod;
import io.micronaut.http.HttpStatus;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterAll;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeAll;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;

import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;

class HomeControllerTest {
    private static ApiGatewayProxyRequestEventFunction handler;

    @BeforeAll
    static void setupSpec() {
        handler = new ApiGatewayProxyRequestEventFunction();
    }
    @AfterAll
    static void cleanupSpec() {
        handler.getApplicationContext().close();
    }

    @Test
    void testHandler() {
        APIGatewayProxyRequestEvent request = new APIGatewayProxyRequestEvent();
        request.setPath("/");
        request.setHttpMethod(HttpMethod.GET.toString());
        var response = handler.handleRequest(request, new MockLambdaContext());

        assertEquals(HttpStatus.OK.getCode(), response.getStatusCode());
        assertEquals("{\"message\":\"Hello World\"}",  response.getBody());
    }
}

  • When you instantiate the Handler, the application context starts.

  • Remember to close your application context when you end your test. You can use your handler to obtain it.

  • You don’t invoke the controller directly. Instead, your handler receives an AWS Proxy Request event which it is routed transparently to your controller.

7. Testing the Application

To run the tests:

./mvnw test

8. Lambda

Create a Lambda Function. As a runtime, select Custom Runtime. Select the architecture x86_64 and arm64, which match the computer’s architecture, which you will use to build the GraalVM Native image.

create function bootstrap

The Micronaut framework eases the deployment of your functions as a Custom AWS Lambda runtime.

The main API you will interact with is AbstractMicronautLambdaRuntime. This is an abstract class which you can subclass to create your custom runtime mainClass. That class includes the code to perform the Processing Tasks described in the Custom Runtime documentation.

8.1. Upload Code

./mvnw package -Dpackaging=docker-native -Dmicronaut.runtime=lambda -Pgraalvm

The above command generates a ZIP file which contains a GraalVM Native Executable of the application, and a bootstrap file which executes the native executable. The GraalVM Native Executable of the application is generated inside a Docker container.

Once you have a ZIP file, upload it

lambda custom runtime uploadcode

8.2. Handler

As Handler, set:

io.micronaut.function.aws.proxy.MicronautLambdaHandler

lambda custom runtime micronaut lambda handler

8.3. Test

You can test it easily.

test event 
{
  "path": "/",
  "httpMethod": "GET",
  "headers": {
    "Accept": "application/json"
  }
}

You should see a 200 response:

aws lambda function graalvm warm startup

9. Next steps

Explore more features with Micronaut Guides.

Read more about:

10. Help with the Micronaut Framework

The Micronaut Foundation sponsored the creation of this Guide. A variety of consulting and support services are available.

11. License

All guides are released with an Apache license 2.0 license for the code and a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license for the writing and media (images…​).