Groovy / Maven

JWK Keys endpoint

Learn how to expose a keys endpoint with primary and secondary JSON Web Key (JWK)

Sergio del Amo

On this guide

In this section

Getting Started

In this guide, we will create a Micronaut application written in Groovy.

In this guide, you load a primary and secondary JWK from their JSON representation. Both keys participate as token validators. Moreover, the primary participates in token generation. Also, you expose their public keys as JWKS in a /keys endpoint.

A JSON Web Key (JWK) is a JSON object that represents a cryptographic key. You can use a remote JWK Set, a JSON object that represents a set of JWKs, to validate JWT signatures.

Meanwhile, a JWK Set is a JSON object that represents a set of JWKs. The JSON object must have a "keys" member, which is an array of JWKs.

What you will need

To complete this guide, you will need the following:

Some time on your hands
A decent text editor or IDE (e.g. IntelliJ IDEA)
JDK 21 or greater installed with JAVA_HOME configured appropriately

Solution

We recommend that you follow the instructions in the next sections and create the application step by step. However, you can go right to the completed example.

Download and unzip the source

Writing the Application

Create an application using the Micronaut Command Line Interface or with Micronaut Launch.

mn create-app example.micronaut.micronautguide --build=maven --lang=groovy

Note	If you don’t specify the `--build` argument, Gradle with the Kotlin DSL is used as the build tool. If you don’t specify the `--lang` argument, Java is used as the language. If you don’t specify the `--test` argument, JUnit is used for Java and Kotlin, and Spock is used for Groovy.

The previous command creates a Micronaut application with the default package example.micronaut in a directory named micronautguide.

Setup IntelliJ IDEA to develop Micronaut Applications.

Configuration

Write an interface to encapsulate the configuration of the JSON Web Keys:

groovy/src/main/groovy/example/micronaut/JwkConfiguration.groovy

package example.micronaut

import io.micronaut.core.annotation.NonNull

interface JwkConfiguration {

    @NonNull
    String getPrimary()

    @NonNull
    String getSecondary()
}

The application signs JSON Web Tokens with the primary key.

The application uses both primary and secondary keys to validate JSON Web Tokens.

A rotation policy could be:

Set the secondary key with the primary key value.
Set the primary key with a new value.

Please note that the JSON Web Token expiration date should be shorter than the key rotation window.

Create a @ConfigurationProperties implementation of the interface.

groovy/src/main/groovy/example/micronaut/JwkConfigurationProperties.groovy

package example.micronaut

import groovy.transform.CompileStatic
import io.micronaut.context.annotation.ConfigurationProperties
import io.micronaut.core.annotation.NonNull

import jakarta.validation.constraints.NotBlank

@CompileStatic
@ConfigurationProperties('jwk') // 
class JwkConfigurationProperties implements JwkConfiguration {

    @NonNull
    @NotBlank // 
    String primary

    @NonNull
    @NotBlank // 
    String secondary
}

1	The `@ConfigurationProperties` annotation takes the configuration prefix.
2	You can use validation constraints in the `@ConfigurationProperties` objects.

Secondary Key

Create an abstract class which parses RSA Keys from JWK JSON Strings.

groovy/src/main/groovy/example/micronaut/AbstractRSASignatureConfiguration.groovy

package example.micronaut

import com.nimbusds.jose.Algorithm
import com.nimbusds.jose.JOSEException
import com.nimbusds.jose.JWSAlgorithm
import com.nimbusds.jose.jwk.JWK
import com.nimbusds.jose.jwk.RSAKey
import groovy.transform.CompileStatic
import groovy.util.logging.Slf4j
import io.micronaut.context.exceptions.ConfigurationException
import io.micronaut.core.annotation.NonNull
import io.micronaut.security.token.jwt.signature.rsa.RSASignatureConfiguration

import java.security.interfaces.RSAPrivateKey
import java.security.interfaces.RSAPublicKey
import java.text.ParseException

@Slf4j
@CompileStatic
abstract class AbstractRSASignatureConfiguration
        implements RSASignatureConfiguration { // 

    protected final JWK publicJWK
    protected final RSAPublicKey publicKey
    protected final RSAPrivateKey privateKey
    protected final JWSAlgorithm jwsAlgorithm

    AbstractRSASignatureConfiguration(String jsonJwk) {
        RSAKey primaryRSAKey = parseRSAKey(jsonJwk)
                .orElseThrow(() -> new ConfigurationException('could not parse primary JWK to RSA Key'))

        publicJWK = primaryRSAKey.toPublicJWK()

        try {
            privateKey = primaryRSAKey.toRSAPrivateKey()
        } catch (JOSEException ignored) {
            throw new ConfigurationException('could not primary RSA private key')
        }

        try {
            publicKey = primaryRSAKey.toRSAPublicKey()
        } catch (JOSEException ignored) {
            throw new ConfigurationException('could not primary RSA public key')
        }

        jwsAlgorithm = parseJWSAlgorithm(primaryRSAKey)
                .orElseThrow(() -> new ConfigurationException('could not parse JWS Algorithm from RSA Key'))
    }

    @NonNull
    JWK getPublicJWK() {
        publicJWK
    }

    @Override
    RSAPublicKey getPublicKey() {
        publicKey
    }

    @NonNull
    private Optional<JWSAlgorithm> parseJWSAlgorithm(@NonNull RSAKey rsaKey) {
        Algorithm algorithm = rsaKey.algorithm
        if (!algorithm) {
            return Optional.empty()
        }

        if (algorithm instanceof JWSAlgorithm) {
            return Optional.of((JWSAlgorithm) algorithm)
        }

        Optional.of(JWSAlgorithm.parse(algorithm.name))
    }

    @NonNull
    private Optional<RSAKey> parseRSAKey(@NonNull String jsonJwk) {
        try {
            JWK jwk = JWK.parse(jsonJwk)
            if (!(jwk instanceof RSAKey)) {
                log.warn('JWK is not an RSAKey')
                return Optional.empty()
            }
            Optional.of((RSAKey) jwk)
        } catch (ParseException ignored) {
            log.warn('Could not parse JWK JSON string {}', jsonJwk)
            Optional.empty()
        }
    }
}

1	Beans of type `RSASignatureConfiguration` participate as token validators.

Throwing a io.micronaut.context.exceptions.ConfigurationException in a constructor when some configuration parsing fails is a common idiom in Micronaut applications.

Secondary Configuration

Create a refreshable bean to load the secondary key:

groovy/src/main/groovy/example/micronaut/SecondarySignatureConfiguration.groovy

package example.micronaut

import groovy.transform.CompileStatic
import io.micronaut.runtime.context.scope.Refreshable
import jakarta.inject.Named

@CompileStatic
@Refreshable // 
@Named("secondary")
class SecondarySignatureConfiguration extends AbstractRSASignatureConfiguration {

    SecondarySignatureConfiguration(JwkConfiguration jwkConfiguration) {
        super(jwkConfiguration.secondary)
    }
}

1	`@Refreshable` scope is a custom scope that allows a bean’s state to be refreshed via the /refresh endpoint.

Primary Key

Create an abstract class which extends from AbstractRSASignatureConfiguration and implements RSASignatureGeneratorConfiguration.

groovy/src/main/groovy/example/micronaut/AbstractRSAGeneratorSignatureConfiguration.groovy

package example.micronaut

import com.nimbusds.jose.JWSAlgorithm
import groovy.transform.CompileStatic
import io.micronaut.security.token.jwt.signature.rsa.RSASignatureGeneratorConfiguration

import java.security.interfaces.RSAPrivateKey

@CompileStatic
abstract class AbstractRSAGeneratorSignatureConfiguration extends AbstractRSASignatureConfiguration
        implements RSASignatureGeneratorConfiguration { // 

    protected AbstractRSAGeneratorSignatureConfiguration(String jsonJwk) {
        super(jsonJwk)
    }

    @Override
    RSAPrivateKey getPrivateKey() {
        super.privateKey
    }

    @Override
    JWSAlgorithm getJwsAlgorithm() {
        super.jwsAlgorithm
    }
}

1	Beans of type `RSAGeneratorSignatureConfiguration` can be used as token generators.

Primary Configuration

Create a refreshable bean to load the primary key:

groovy/src/main/groovy/example/micronaut/PrimarySignatureConfiguration.groovy

package example.micronaut

import groovy.transform.CompileStatic
import io.micronaut.runtime.context.scope.Refreshable
import jakarta.inject.Named

@CompileStatic
@Refreshable // 
@Named('generator') // 
class PrimarySignatureConfiguration extends AbstractRSAGeneratorSignatureConfiguration {

    PrimarySignatureConfiguration(JwkConfiguration jwkConfiguration) {
        super(jwkConfiguration.primary)
    }
}

1	`@Refreshable` scope is a custom scope that allows a bean’s state to be refreshed via the /refresh endpoint.
2	You need to qualify the signature configuration bean that you wish to use to sign your JSON Web Tokens with `@Named("generator")`.

JWKProvider

To enable the Keys Controller you have to provide at least a bean of type: JwkProvider.

groovy/src/main/groovy/example/micronaut/JsonWebKeysProvider.groovy

package example.micronaut

import com.nimbusds.jose.jwk.JWK
import groovy.transform.CompileStatic
import io.micronaut.runtime.context.scope.Refreshable
import io.micronaut.security.token.jwt.endpoints.JwkProvider

@CompileStatic
@Refreshable // 
class JsonWebKeysProvider implements  JwkProvider { // 

    private final List<JWK> jwks

    JsonWebKeysProvider(PrimarySignatureConfiguration primaryRsaPrivateKey,
                        SecondarySignatureConfiguration secondarySignatureConfiguration) {
        jwks = [primaryRsaPrivateKey.publicJWK, secondarySignatureConfiguration.publicJWK]
    }

    @Override
    List<JWK> retrieveJsonWebKeys() {
        jwks
    }
}

1	`@Refreshable` scope is a custom scope that allows a bean’s state to be refreshed via the /refresh endpoint.
2	Create a bean of type `JwkProvider`

Writing Tests

Token Generation Test

Create a test to verify that the application can generate a signed JSON Web Token.

groovy/src/test/groovy/example/micronaut/TokenGeneratorSpec.groovy

package example.micronaut

import com.nimbusds.jwt.JWT
import com.nimbusds.jwt.JWTParser
import com.nimbusds.jwt.SignedJWT
import io.micronaut.context.annotation.Property
import io.micronaut.http.HttpRequest
import io.micronaut.security.token.generator.TokenGenerator
import io.micronaut.security.token.jwt.validator.JsonWebTokenValidator
import io.micronaut.test.extensions.spock.annotation.MicronautTest
import jakarta.inject.Inject
import spock.lang.Specification

// 
@Property(name = 'jwk.primary', value = '{"p":"_OZyH1Mk3wR0oXw1C31t4kWOcaHFB6Njro1cYx52REnPiznn_JTtwvlAMpvV6LVCIZPgKMzdIEMY1gYs1LsO-5IFqWwegXmYJ0iKXbRrZshfWBCzRLK3QK5fER1le1XUBDhtDk7KIW_Xg-SZF4pf_LUEVKMnyUpspGI5F77jlJ8","kty":"RSA","q":"s9wvl7z8vkHQvo9xOUp-z0a2Z7LFBDil2uIjPh1FQzs34gFXH8dQPRox83TuN5d4KzdLPqQNQAfMXU9_KmxihNb_qDQahYugeELmcem04munxXqBdyZqWhWCy5YmujYqn44irwvoTbw6_RkMqjCmINPTPadptlPivsZ6RhKn8zk","d":"ok3wmhOy8NZEHAotnFiH6ecFD6xf_9x33_fMRkqa3_KE8NZM7vmvNgElox2UvcP_2K5E7jOdL2XQdJCTIW3Qlj66yE2a84SYlbvxIc4hDrIog0XNt4FhavvshxxUIfDQo6Q8qXDR5v7nwt6SCopYC3t3KVRdJh08GzKoVxysd7afJjxXxx178gY29uMRqnwxFN1OGnWaiBr-xGKb1frJ6jOI1zvuuCaljZ4aZjc9vOR4y9ZmobgrzkMFnpDAmQZ7MWcVMyodRMOA2dEOckywPhg-dIVNiVIqzJqe5Yg1ilNookjwtqj2TpNU7Z9gPqzYB73PmQ2p5LMDheAPxcOmEQ","e":"AQAB","use":"sig","kid":"e3be37177a7c42bcbadd7cc63715f216","qi":"r--nAtaYPAgJq_8R1-kynpd53E17n-loDUgtVWBCx_RmdORX4Auilv1S83dD1mbcnYCbV_LmxiEjOiz-4gS_E0qVGqakAqQrO1hVUvJa_Y2uftDgwFmuJNGbpRU-K4Td_uUzdm48za8yJCgOdYsWp6PNMCcmQgiInzkR3XYV83I","dp":"oQUcvmMSw8gzdin-IB2xW_MLecAVEgLu0dGBdD6N8HbKZQvub_xm0dAfFtnvvWXDAFwFyhR96i-uXX67Bos_Q9-6KSAE4E0KGmDucDESfPOw-QJREbl0QgOD1gLQfVGtVy6SCR0TR2zNXFWtP7bD3MNoSXdEOr5fI97CGSNaBWM","alg":"RS256","dq":"DM-WJDy10-dkMu6MpgQEXEcxHtnA5rgSODD7SaVUFaHWLSbjScQslu2SuUCO5y7GxG0_0spklzb2-356FE98BPI7a4Oqj_COEYLSXzLCS45XeN1s80utL5Vwp4eeYo0RJCQ_nDBA76iEmxp5qHWmn5f25-FQykfXUrdYZj1V8SE","n":"sa6m2i-iNvj6ZSTdSHZaBrnv6DId4AqAXhOyl0yA5fNWYe6r51h24SXqk7DsGYHHh74ii74tP1lTpmy6RD67tCK-tbN-d6yc4Z6FfM8R83v2QZUfaAixgHGtw0n2toqsiHf6EloDV-B8q4GYyKDD6cLecoaIuTmMBTY3kts59U2t9W10YoLGsmFqLSz8qNF5HkahzB6_--2DiBfVGUKAXHC-SICGZCi-8efOetv6pt9vFiWEgwU_DgjRNYzLFt1SEmbGFUU4kbjQ7tNTMkHfzfwcT6qLt4kVKy2FNYsEMk24keWtCvW_RyO_fisZc0W9smX7WtYjEXhcAjDeqHgEZw"}')
@Property(name = "jwk.secondary", value = '{"p":"4qJ9RNlu6SuDT_MLArfzimvKEwmet_j12Z9EQeb5nMjZIOHTcWw__duebUytfWwxsRHhtSVXeMt-EryQAOulm2p1bfiVuparq93z9P5cPnb0oArFaw3eFNFEmX5U-lY8PzUTTsFxO4aVQYAKXD6DP7p5uPzuwpHFuNc71nNIXZE","kty":"RSA","q":"v4OhkWMbS_nq77HFanwZAT_obfJuQfOFOQBORL4ATAHGUXm2y4YqLNExZs7Wj1MA_6ya6Y00s2JBM7fWq_fPe4d9xo5aGrPdcp0G8W21kkfh9vuVPlHVQTgSP7FQ9qahvXxNwK_11yNr3p1HBmScJ5mHlMBpIJsFcvHA-uXe0Ps","d":"EunrjnQ1-jJPSCrt2L94PUpDrakup8a4pXys52YSkJY-W6XidM0roOS6kr06P3G6VQgc6AL_BkvTQ_XS0oXHbXVprDQ5Syam5p9oxHBhhW_vSqIMgUOfm28uyB3Mtw9rBxdUxW3yElHioaR8a-exYhhyVXb1QEhxL_rcnthmhAkM2NcHi2UnxGKFTsC0abQ2MuQc1OAuW5veDiIF2hfdC41qE0_d8vB6FDWbblgUpbwB6uSZaViPs15Buq2oX9dCCw54-PgzkfehDt7lyqgupktbV1psnVVhL86shzt4QFnhd3k7VpFbjCNFtiJTrufV-XBWT0pl2w3VR9wrHJ1bYQ","e":"AQAB","use":"sig","kid":"0794e938379540dc8eaa559508524a79","qi":"jy-TNyXVy_44_n4KGAwIbZO2C4r6uNWuEdehBfQKkPhiP90myG1KZVfOoKNOK9bCv2mvZJcBz4c1ArElgpuSCV4-KFac1ZzQo_ic5aoIej8Qa80y2ogc-_Yv6_ZLHC1S76M-lm4jayk2-rvuBpy2pUvHbW6Srhs_szwz7ZfSkLg","dp":"ApqdV9ortRAj7Ro8ySY17SQ56SgWI8T_hiWXUi6GNa_1FrShik8VGSSZ2GWmJKfGlmM_NaadL60e4LY77VbHy1ZYzQ-rIL60cEAXmnwFsU4Kl4AoLoe1QoX5BM53yXyOKqfAdgow898i_eKru82YEnZhCagWUjP8kpgefuNKNJE","alg":"RS256","dq":"bFF78WoXh0pMCdQHL2oPDnjh8kWa_OxKHmpA2nqIWnTqgSyRKd2xPvX2tgooqpmsx-8NEymNdCQPcrv4y_z2OgzxI3tiFRZEGs4bnjOJ7bmAYZv71mqcbi3TjHiyrT6j3jNPGrurFUpweVGFWWVQOMmKOKT3ELz9QPzhREb9Vj8","n":"qYvDpV8DRU5hx9eXpE4Ms8nUXicEwrxUUz5gb5gkXpIeY82mqfQKKCP6PSFnkKYtRFTOUSm9cgGGfOd7O4NFsIsxLwXCj34X7ORr19eXKBLvG3bZJLxqRlbYuQshDMkQOui1sDBxvYnj5p4iHne6l2btH5grHOCShUWG-bKps5Y8bKNHod1pIOOBabVCmn3sUVUkZw8nyXkQqZbv-c8x6z0TEfhNOPOIt2AmmlNgrE_8g7-dnCvqfJnhv0c7qkOJzsb7OMmvVwsQNiM59D6uaWZr-vdANo6NggiZmCKUS3tpUvdXW7ec9WMPJWhrVEkRcbWXQnZ_C7pXFrz7rLeNKw"}')
@MicronautTest(startApplication = false)
class TokenGeneratorSpec extends Specification {

    @Inject
    TokenGenerator tokenGenerator

    @Inject
    JsonWebTokenValidator<JWT, HttpRequest<?>> tokenValidator

    void canGenerateSignedJsonWebTokens() {

        when:
        Optional<String> jwtOptional = tokenGenerator.generateToken(sub: 'sergio')

        then:
        jwtOptional.isPresent()

        when:
        String jwtString = jwtOptional.get()
        JWTParser.parse(jwtString)

        then:
        noExceptionThrown()

        when:
        JWT jwt = JWTParser.parse(jwtString)

        then:
        jwt instanceof SignedJWT

        when:
        tokenValidator.validate(jwtString, null)

        then:
        1 == jwt.JWTClaimsSet.claims.keySet().size()
        'sergio' == jwt.JWTClaimsSet.subject
    }
}

1	See how to generate a JSON Web Key in the guide:

Secondary signature validation

Create a test to verify that the application can validate a JSON Web Token signed with the secondary key.

groovy/src/test/groovy/example/micronaut/ValidateSecondarySignedJwtSpec.groovy

package example.micronaut

import com.nimbusds.jwt.JWT
import com.nimbusds.jwt.JWTParser
import com.nimbusds.jwt.SignedJWT
import io.micronaut.context.annotation.Property
import io.micronaut.http.HttpRequest
import io.micronaut.security.token.generator.TokenGenerator
import io.micronaut.security.token.jwt.generator.JwtTokenGenerator
import io.micronaut.security.token.claims.ClaimsGenerator
import io.micronaut.security.token.jwt.signature.SignatureGeneratorConfiguration
import io.micronaut.security.token.jwt.signature.rsa.RSASignatureGenerator
import io.micronaut.security.token.jwt.validator.JsonWebTokenValidator
import io.micronaut.test.extensions.spock.annotation.MicronautTest
import jakarta.inject.Inject
import spock.lang.Specification

// 
@Property(name = 'jwk.primary', value = '{"p":"_OZyH1Mk3wR0oXw1C31t4kWOcaHFB6Njro1cYx52REnPiznn_JTtwvlAMpvV6LVCIZPgKMzdIEMY1gYs1LsO-5IFqWwegXmYJ0iKXbRrZshfWBCzRLK3QK5fER1le1XUBDhtDk7KIW_Xg-SZF4pf_LUEVKMnyUpspGI5F77jlJ8","kty":"RSA","q":"s9wvl7z8vkHQvo9xOUp-z0a2Z7LFBDil2uIjPh1FQzs34gFXH8dQPRox83TuN5d4KzdLPqQNQAfMXU9_KmxihNb_qDQahYugeELmcem04munxXqBdyZqWhWCy5YmujYqn44irwvoTbw6_RkMqjCmINPTPadptlPivsZ6RhKn8zk","d":"ok3wmhOy8NZEHAotnFiH6ecFD6xf_9x33_fMRkqa3_KE8NZM7vmvNgElox2UvcP_2K5E7jOdL2XQdJCTIW3Qlj66yE2a84SYlbvxIc4hDrIog0XNt4FhavvshxxUIfDQo6Q8qXDR5v7nwt6SCopYC3t3KVRdJh08GzKoVxysd7afJjxXxx178gY29uMRqnwxFN1OGnWaiBr-xGKb1frJ6jOI1zvuuCaljZ4aZjc9vOR4y9ZmobgrzkMFnpDAmQZ7MWcVMyodRMOA2dEOckywPhg-dIVNiVIqzJqe5Yg1ilNookjwtqj2TpNU7Z9gPqzYB73PmQ2p5LMDheAPxcOmEQ","e":"AQAB","use":"sig","kid":"e3be37177a7c42bcbadd7cc63715f216","qi":"r--nAtaYPAgJq_8R1-kynpd53E17n-loDUgtVWBCx_RmdORX4Auilv1S83dD1mbcnYCbV_LmxiEjOiz-4gS_E0qVGqakAqQrO1hVUvJa_Y2uftDgwFmuJNGbpRU-K4Td_uUzdm48za8yJCgOdYsWp6PNMCcmQgiInzkR3XYV83I","dp":"oQUcvmMSw8gzdin-IB2xW_MLecAVEgLu0dGBdD6N8HbKZQvub_xm0dAfFtnvvWXDAFwFyhR96i-uXX67Bos_Q9-6KSAE4E0KGmDucDESfPOw-QJREbl0QgOD1gLQfVGtVy6SCR0TR2zNXFWtP7bD3MNoSXdEOr5fI97CGSNaBWM","alg":"RS256","dq":"DM-WJDy10-dkMu6MpgQEXEcxHtnA5rgSODD7SaVUFaHWLSbjScQslu2SuUCO5y7GxG0_0spklzb2-356FE98BPI7a4Oqj_COEYLSXzLCS45XeN1s80utL5Vwp4eeYo0RJCQ_nDBA76iEmxp5qHWmn5f25-FQykfXUrdYZj1V8SE","n":"sa6m2i-iNvj6ZSTdSHZaBrnv6DId4AqAXhOyl0yA5fNWYe6r51h24SXqk7DsGYHHh74ii74tP1lTpmy6RD67tCK-tbN-d6yc4Z6FfM8R83v2QZUfaAixgHGtw0n2toqsiHf6EloDV-B8q4GYyKDD6cLecoaIuTmMBTY3kts59U2t9W10YoLGsmFqLSz8qNF5HkahzB6_--2DiBfVGUKAXHC-SICGZCi-8efOetv6pt9vFiWEgwU_DgjRNYzLFt1SEmbGFUU4kbjQ7tNTMkHfzfwcT6qLt4kVKy2FNYsEMk24keWtCvW_RyO_fisZc0W9smX7WtYjEXhcAjDeqHgEZw"}')
@Property(name = 'jwk.secondary', value = '{"p":"4qJ9RNlu6SuDT_MLArfzimvKEwmet_j12Z9EQeb5nMjZIOHTcWw__duebUytfWwxsRHhtSVXeMt-EryQAOulm2p1bfiVuparq93z9P5cPnb0oArFaw3eFNFEmX5U-lY8PzUTTsFxO4aVQYAKXD6DP7p5uPzuwpHFuNc71nNIXZE","kty":"RSA","q":"v4OhkWMbS_nq77HFanwZAT_obfJuQfOFOQBORL4ATAHGUXm2y4YqLNExZs7Wj1MA_6ya6Y00s2JBM7fWq_fPe4d9xo5aGrPdcp0G8W21kkfh9vuVPlHVQTgSP7FQ9qahvXxNwK_11yNr3p1HBmScJ5mHlMBpIJsFcvHA-uXe0Ps","d":"EunrjnQ1-jJPSCrt2L94PUpDrakup8a4pXys52YSkJY-W6XidM0roOS6kr06P3G6VQgc6AL_BkvTQ_XS0oXHbXVprDQ5Syam5p9oxHBhhW_vSqIMgUOfm28uyB3Mtw9rBxdUxW3yElHioaR8a-exYhhyVXb1QEhxL_rcnthmhAkM2NcHi2UnxGKFTsC0abQ2MuQc1OAuW5veDiIF2hfdC41qE0_d8vB6FDWbblgUpbwB6uSZaViPs15Buq2oX9dCCw54-PgzkfehDt7lyqgupktbV1psnVVhL86shzt4QFnhd3k7VpFbjCNFtiJTrufV-XBWT0pl2w3VR9wrHJ1bYQ","e":"AQAB","use":"sig","kid":"0794e938379540dc8eaa559508524a79","qi":"jy-TNyXVy_44_n4KGAwIbZO2C4r6uNWuEdehBfQKkPhiP90myG1KZVfOoKNOK9bCv2mvZJcBz4c1ArElgpuSCV4-KFac1ZzQo_ic5aoIej8Qa80y2ogc-_Yv6_ZLHC1S76M-lm4jayk2-rvuBpy2pUvHbW6Srhs_szwz7ZfSkLg","dp":"ApqdV9ortRAj7Ro8ySY17SQ56SgWI8T_hiWXUi6GNa_1FrShik8VGSSZ2GWmJKfGlmM_NaadL60e4LY77VbHy1ZYzQ-rIL60cEAXmnwFsU4Kl4AoLoe1QoX5BM53yXyOKqfAdgow898i_eKru82YEnZhCagWUjP8kpgefuNKNJE","alg":"RS256","dq":"bFF78WoXh0pMCdQHL2oPDnjh8kWa_OxKHmpA2nqIWnTqgSyRKd2xPvX2tgooqpmsx-8NEymNdCQPcrv4y_z2OgzxI3tiFRZEGs4bnjOJ7bmAYZv71mqcbi3TjHiyrT6j3jNPGrurFUpweVGFWWVQOMmKOKT3ELz9QPzhREb9Vj8","n":"qYvDpV8DRU5hx9eXpE4Ms8nUXicEwrxUUz5gb5gkXpIeY82mqfQKKCP6PSFnkKYtRFTOUSm9cgGGfOd7O4NFsIsxLwXCj34X7ORr19eXKBLvG3bZJLxqRlbYuQshDMkQOui1sDBxvYnj5p4iHne6l2btH5grHOCShUWG-bKps5Y8bKNHod1pIOOBabVCmn3sUVUkZw8nyXkQqZbv-c8x6z0TEfhNOPOIt2AmmlNgrE_8g7-dnCvqfJnhv0c7qkOJzsb7OMmvVwsQNiM59D6uaWZr-vdANo6NggiZmCKUS3tpUvdXW7ec9WMPJWhrVEkRcbWXQnZ_C7pXFrz7rLeNKw"}')
@MicronautTest(startApplication = false)
class ValidateSecondarySignedJwtSpec extends Specification {

    @Inject
    ClaimsGenerator claimsGenerator

    @Inject
    JwkConfiguration jwkConfiguration

    @Inject
    JsonWebTokenValidator<JWT, HttpRequest<?>> tokenValidator

    void canValidateAJWebTokenSignedWithTheSecondaryJsonWebKey() {

        when:
        SignatureGeneratorConfiguration signatureGeneratorConfiguration = new RSASignatureGenerator(new MockSignatureGenerator(jwkConfiguration))
        TokenGenerator tokenGenerator = new JwtTokenGenerator(signatureGeneratorConfiguration, null, claimsGenerator)

        Optional<String> jwtOptional = tokenGenerator.generateToken(sub: 'sergio')

        then:
        jwtOptional.isPresent()

        when:
        String jwtString = jwtOptional.get()
        JWTParser.parse(jwtString)

        then:
        noExceptionThrown()

        when:
        JWT jwt = JWTParser.parse(jwtString)

        then:
        jwt instanceof SignedJWT

        when:
        tokenValidator.validate(jwtString, null)

        then:
        noExceptionThrown()
    }

    static class MockSignatureGenerator extends AbstractRSAGeneratorSignatureConfiguration {
        MockSignatureGenerator(JwkConfiguration jwkConfiguration) {
            super(jwkConfiguration.secondary)
        }
    }
}

1	See how to generate a JSON Web Key in the guide:

Keys test

Create a test to verify that the application exposes a keys endpoint:

groovy/src/test/groovy/example/micronaut/KeysSpec.groovy

package example.micronaut

import io.micronaut.context.annotation.Property
import io.micronaut.http.HttpRequest
import io.micronaut.http.client.HttpClient
import io.micronaut.http.client.annotation.Client
import io.micronaut.test.extensions.spock.annotation.MicronautTest
import jakarta.inject.Inject
import spock.lang.Specification

// 
@Property(name = 'jwk.primary', value = '{"p":"_OZyH1Mk3wR0oXw1C31t4kWOcaHFB6Njro1cYx52REnPiznn_JTtwvlAMpvV6LVCIZPgKMzdIEMY1gYs1LsO-5IFqWwegXmYJ0iKXbRrZshfWBCzRLK3QK5fER1le1XUBDhtDk7KIW_Xg-SZF4pf_LUEVKMnyUpspGI5F77jlJ8","kty":"RSA","q":"s9wvl7z8vkHQvo9xOUp-z0a2Z7LFBDil2uIjPh1FQzs34gFXH8dQPRox83TuN5d4KzdLPqQNQAfMXU9_KmxihNb_qDQahYugeELmcem04munxXqBdyZqWhWCy5YmujYqn44irwvoTbw6_RkMqjCmINPTPadptlPivsZ6RhKn8zk","d":"ok3wmhOy8NZEHAotnFiH6ecFD6xf_9x33_fMRkqa3_KE8NZM7vmvNgElox2UvcP_2K5E7jOdL2XQdJCTIW3Qlj66yE2a84SYlbvxIc4hDrIog0XNt4FhavvshxxUIfDQo6Q8qXDR5v7nwt6SCopYC3t3KVRdJh08GzKoVxysd7afJjxXxx178gY29uMRqnwxFN1OGnWaiBr-xGKb1frJ6jOI1zvuuCaljZ4aZjc9vOR4y9ZmobgrzkMFnpDAmQZ7MWcVMyodRMOA2dEOckywPhg-dIVNiVIqzJqe5Yg1ilNookjwtqj2TpNU7Z9gPqzYB73PmQ2p5LMDheAPxcOmEQ","e":"AQAB","use":"sig","kid":"e3be37177a7c42bcbadd7cc63715f216","qi":"r--nAtaYPAgJq_8R1-kynpd53E17n-loDUgtVWBCx_RmdORX4Auilv1S83dD1mbcnYCbV_LmxiEjOiz-4gS_E0qVGqakAqQrO1hVUvJa_Y2uftDgwFmuJNGbpRU-K4Td_uUzdm48za8yJCgOdYsWp6PNMCcmQgiInzkR3XYV83I","dp":"oQUcvmMSw8gzdin-IB2xW_MLecAVEgLu0dGBdD6N8HbKZQvub_xm0dAfFtnvvWXDAFwFyhR96i-uXX67Bos_Q9-6KSAE4E0KGmDucDESfPOw-QJREbl0QgOD1gLQfVGtVy6SCR0TR2zNXFWtP7bD3MNoSXdEOr5fI97CGSNaBWM","alg":"RS256","dq":"DM-WJDy10-dkMu6MpgQEXEcxHtnA5rgSODD7SaVUFaHWLSbjScQslu2SuUCO5y7GxG0_0spklzb2-356FE98BPI7a4Oqj_COEYLSXzLCS45XeN1s80utL5Vwp4eeYo0RJCQ_nDBA76iEmxp5qHWmn5f25-FQykfXUrdYZj1V8SE","n":"sa6m2i-iNvj6ZSTdSHZaBrnv6DId4AqAXhOyl0yA5fNWYe6r51h24SXqk7DsGYHHh74ii74tP1lTpmy6RD67tCK-tbN-d6yc4Z6FfM8R83v2QZUfaAixgHGtw0n2toqsiHf6EloDV-B8q4GYyKDD6cLecoaIuTmMBTY3kts59U2t9W10YoLGsmFqLSz8qNF5HkahzB6_--2DiBfVGUKAXHC-SICGZCi-8efOetv6pt9vFiWEgwU_DgjRNYzLFt1SEmbGFUU4kbjQ7tNTMkHfzfwcT6qLt4kVKy2FNYsEMk24keWtCvW_RyO_fisZc0W9smX7WtYjEXhcAjDeqHgEZw"}')
@Property(name = 'jwk.secondary', value = '{"p":"4qJ9RNlu6SuDT_MLArfzimvKEwmet_j12Z9EQeb5nMjZIOHTcWw__duebUytfWwxsRHhtSVXeMt-EryQAOulm2p1bfiVuparq93z9P5cPnb0oArFaw3eFNFEmX5U-lY8PzUTTsFxO4aVQYAKXD6DP7p5uPzuwpHFuNc71nNIXZE","kty":"RSA","q":"v4OhkWMbS_nq77HFanwZAT_obfJuQfOFOQBORL4ATAHGUXm2y4YqLNExZs7Wj1MA_6ya6Y00s2JBM7fWq_fPe4d9xo5aGrPdcp0G8W21kkfh9vuVPlHVQTgSP7FQ9qahvXxNwK_11yNr3p1HBmScJ5mHlMBpIJsFcvHA-uXe0Ps","d":"EunrjnQ1-jJPSCrt2L94PUpDrakup8a4pXys52YSkJY-W6XidM0roOS6kr06P3G6VQgc6AL_BkvTQ_XS0oXHbXVprDQ5Syam5p9oxHBhhW_vSqIMgUOfm28uyB3Mtw9rBxdUxW3yElHioaR8a-exYhhyVXb1QEhxL_rcnthmhAkM2NcHi2UnxGKFTsC0abQ2MuQc1OAuW5veDiIF2hfdC41qE0_d8vB6FDWbblgUpbwB6uSZaViPs15Buq2oX9dCCw54-PgzkfehDt7lyqgupktbV1psnVVhL86shzt4QFnhd3k7VpFbjCNFtiJTrufV-XBWT0pl2w3VR9wrHJ1bYQ","e":"AQAB","use":"sig","kid":"0794e938379540dc8eaa559508524a79","qi":"jy-TNyXVy_44_n4KGAwIbZO2C4r6uNWuEdehBfQKkPhiP90myG1KZVfOoKNOK9bCv2mvZJcBz4c1ArElgpuSCV4-KFac1ZzQo_ic5aoIej8Qa80y2ogc-_Yv6_ZLHC1S76M-lm4jayk2-rvuBpy2pUvHbW6Srhs_szwz7ZfSkLg","dp":"ApqdV9ortRAj7Ro8ySY17SQ56SgWI8T_hiWXUi6GNa_1FrShik8VGSSZ2GWmJKfGlmM_NaadL60e4LY77VbHy1ZYzQ-rIL60cEAXmnwFsU4Kl4AoLoe1QoX5BM53yXyOKqfAdgow898i_eKru82YEnZhCagWUjP8kpgefuNKNJE","alg":"RS256","dq":"bFF78WoXh0pMCdQHL2oPDnjh8kWa_OxKHmpA2nqIWnTqgSyRKd2xPvX2tgooqpmsx-8NEymNdCQPcrv4y_z2OgzxI3tiFRZEGs4bnjOJ7bmAYZv71mqcbi3TjHiyrT6j3jNPGrurFUpweVGFWWVQOMmKOKT3ELz9QPzhREb9Vj8","n":"qYvDpV8DRU5hx9eXpE4Ms8nUXicEwrxUUz5gb5gkXpIeY82mqfQKKCP6PSFnkKYtRFTOUSm9cgGGfOd7O4NFsIsxLwXCj34X7ORr19eXKBLvG3bZJLxqRlbYuQshDMkQOui1sDBxvYnj5p4iHne6l2btH5grHOCShUWG-bKps5Y8bKNHod1pIOOBabVCmn3sUVUkZw8nyXkQqZbv-c8x6z0TEfhNOPOIt2AmmlNgrE_8g7-dnCvqfJnhv0c7qkOJzsb7OMmvVwsQNiM59D6uaWZr-vdANo6NggiZmCKUS3tpUvdXW7ec9WMPJWhrVEkRcbWXQnZ_C7pXFrz7rLeNKw"}')
@MicronautTest
class KeysSpec extends Specification {

    @Inject
    @Client('/')
    HttpClient httpClient

    void whenYouDefineABeanOfTypeJwkProviderThenTheKeysEndpointIsExposed() {
        when:
        httpClient.toBlocking().exchange(HttpRequest.GET('/keys'))

        then:
        noExceptionThrown()
    }
}

1	See how to generate a JSON Web Key in the guide:

Refresh endpoint

The refresh endpoint refreshes the application state, causing all Refreshable beans in the context to be destroyed and reinstantiated upon further requests. This is accomplished by publishing a RefreshEvent in the Application Context.

You can use support for distributed configuration in the Micronaut framework to fetch the JSON Web Keys from a secret repository such as HashiCorp Vault or AWS Secrets Manager. Set a rotation policy and hit the refresh endpoint to reload configuration upon keys' rotation.

Enable the Refresh Endpoint:

src/main/resources/application.properties

endpoints.refresh.enabled=true 
endpoints.refresh.sensitive=false

1	Enable the Refresh Endpoint
2	Set the endpoint as non sensitive. Learn more about Built-In Endpoints Security.

Testing the Application

To run the tests:

./mvnw test

Running the Application

To run the application, use the ./mvnw mn:run command, which starts the application on port 8080.

Invoke the keys endpoint

Create two environment variables with JSON Web Keys:

export JWK_PRIMARY="{\"p\":\"_OZyH1Mk3wR0oXw1C31t4kWOcaHFB6Njro1cYx52REnPiznn_JTtwvlAMpvV6LVCIZPgKMzdIEMY1gYs1LsO-5IFqWwegXmYJ0iKXbRrZshfWBCzRLK3QK5fER1le1XUBDhtDk7KIW_Xg-SZF4pf_LUEVKMnyUpspGI5F77jlJ8\",\"kty\":\"RSA\",\"q\":\"s9wvl7z8vkHQvo9xOUp-z0a2Z7LFBDil2uIjPh1FQzs34gFXH8dQPRox83TuN5d4KzdLPqQNQAfMXU9_KmxihNb_qDQahYugeELmcem04munxXqBdyZqWhWCy5YmujYqn44irwvoTbw6_RkMqjCmINPTPadptlPivsZ6RhKn8zk\",\"d\":\"ok3wmhOy8NZEHAotnFiH6ecFD6xf_9x33_fMRkqa3_KE8NZM7vmvNgElox2UvcP_2K5E7jOdL2XQdJCTIW3Qlj66yE2a84SYlbvxIc4hDrIog0XNt4FhavvshxxUIfDQo6Q8qXDR5v7nwt6SCopYC3t3KVRdJh08GzKoVxysd7afJjxXxx178gY29uMRqnwxFN1OGnWaiBr-xGKb1frJ6jOI1zvuuCaljZ4aZjc9vOR4y9ZmobgrzkMFnpDAmQZ7MWcVMyodRMOA2dEOckywPhg-dIVNiVIqzJqe5Yg1ilNookjwtqj2TpNU7Z9gPqzYB73PmQ2p5LMDheAPxcOmEQ\",\"e\":\"AQAB\",\"use\":\"sig\",\"kid\":\"e3be37177a7c42bcbadd7cc63715f216\",\"qi\":\"r--nAtaYPAgJq_8R1-kynpd53E17n-loDUgtVWBCx_RmdORX4Auilv1S83dD1mbcnYCbV_LmxiEjOiz-4gS_E0qVGqakAqQrO1hVUvJa_Y2uftDgwFmuJNGbpRU-K4Td_uUzdm48za8yJCgOdYsWp6PNMCcmQgiInzkR3XYV83I\",\"dp\":\"oQUcvmMSw8gzdin-IB2xW_MLecAVEgLu0dGBdD6N8HbKZQvub_xm0dAfFtnvvWXDAFwFyhR96i-uXX67Bos_Q9-6KSAE4E0KGmDucDESfPOw-QJREbl0QgOD1gLQfVGtVy6SCR0TR2zNXFWtP7bD3MNoSXdEOr5fI97CGSNaBWM\",\"alg\":\"RS256\",\"dq\":\"DM-WJDy10-dkMu6MpgQEXEcxHtnA5rgSODD7SaVUFaHWLSbjScQslu2SuUCO5y7GxG0_0spklzb2-356FE98BPI7a4Oqj_COEYLSXzLCS45XeN1s80utL5Vwp4eeYo0RJCQ_nDBA76iEmxp5qHWmn5f25-FQykfXUrdYZj1V8SE\",\"n\":\"sa6m2i-iNvj6ZSTdSHZaBrnv6DId4AqAXhOyl0yA5fNWYe6r51h24SXqk7DsGYHHh74ii74tP1lTpmy6RD67tCK-tbN-d6yc4Z6FfM8R83v2QZUfaAixgHGtw0n2toqsiHf6EloDV-B8q4GYyKDD6cLecoaIuTmMBTY3kts59U2t9W10YoLGsmFqLSz8qNF5HkahzB6_--2DiBfVGUKAXHC-SICGZCi-8efOetv6pt9vFiWEgwU_DgjRNYzLFt1SEmbGFUU4kbjQ7tNTMkHfzfwcT6qLt4kVKy2FNYsEMk24keWtCvW_RyO_fisZc0W9smX7WtYjEXhcAjDeqHgEZw\"}"
export JWK_SECONDARY="{\"p\":\"4qJ9RNlu6SuDT_MLArfzimvKEwmet_j12Z9EQeb5nMjZIOHTcWw__duebUytfWwxsRHhtSVXeMt-EryQAOulm2p1bfiVuparq93z9P5cPnb0oArFaw3eFNFEmX5U-lY8PzUTTsFxO4aVQYAKXD6DP7p5uPzuwpHFuNc71nNIXZE\",\"kty\":\"RSA\",\"q\":\"v4OhkWMbS_nq77HFanwZAT_obfJuQfOFOQBORL4ATAHGUXm2y4YqLNExZs7Wj1MA_6ya6Y00s2JBM7fWq_fPe4d9xo5aGrPdcp0G8W21kkfh9vuVPlHVQTgSP7FQ9qahvXxNwK_11yNr3p1HBmScJ5mHlMBpIJsFcvHA-uXe0Ps\",\"d\":\"EunrjnQ1-jJPSCrt2L94PUpDrakup8a4pXys52YSkJY-W6XidM0roOS6kr06P3G6VQgc6AL_BkvTQ_XS0oXHbXVprDQ5Syam5p9oxHBhhW_vSqIMgUOfm28uyB3Mtw9rBxdUxW3yElHioaR8a-exYhhyVXb1QEhxL_rcnthmhAkM2NcHi2UnxGKFTsC0abQ2MuQc1OAuW5veDiIF2hfdC41qE0_d8vB6FDWbblgUpbwB6uSZaViPs15Buq2oX9dCCw54-PgzkfehDt7lyqgupktbV1psnVVhL86shzt4QFnhd3k7VpFbjCNFtiJTrufV-XBWT0pl2w3VR9wrHJ1bYQ\",\"e\":\"AQAB\",\"use\":\"sig\",\"kid\":\"0794e938379540dc8eaa559508524a79\",\"qi\":\"jy-TNyXVy_44_n4KGAwIbZO2C4r6uNWuEdehBfQKkPhiP90myG1KZVfOoKNOK9bCv2mvZJcBz4c1ArElgpuSCV4-KFac1ZzQo_ic5aoIej8Qa80y2ogc-_Yv6_ZLHC1S76M-lm4jayk2-rvuBpy2pUvHbW6Srhs_szwz7ZfSkLg\",\"dp\":\"ApqdV9ortRAj7Ro8ySY17SQ56SgWI8T_hiWXUi6GNa_1FrShik8VGSSZ2GWmJKfGlmM_NaadL60e4LY77VbHy1ZYzQ-rIL60cEAXmnwFsU4Kl4AoLoe1QoX5BM53yXyOKqfAdgow898i_eKru82YEnZhCagWUjP8kpgefuNKNJE\",\"alg\":\"RS256\",\"dq\":\"bFF78WoXh0pMCdQHL2oPDnjh8kWa_OxKHmpA2nqIWnTqgSyRKd2xPvX2tgooqpmsx-8NEymNdCQPcrv4y_z2OgzxI3tiFRZEGs4bnjOJ7bmAYZv71mqcbi3TjHiyrT6j3jNPGrurFUpweVGFWWVQOMmKOKT3ELz9QPzhREb9Vj8\",\"n\":\"qYvDpV8DRU5hx9eXpE4Ms8nUXicEwrxUUz5gb5gkXpIeY82mqfQKKCP6PSFnkKYtRFTOUSm9cgGGfOd7O4NFsIsxLwXCj34X7ORr19eXKBLvG3bZJLxqRlbYuQshDMkQOui1sDBxvYnj5p4iHne6l2btH5grHOCShUWG-bKps5Y8bKNHod1pIOOBabVCmn3sUVUkZw8nyXkQqZbv-c8x6z0TEfhNOPOIt2AmmlNgrE_8g7-dnCvqfJnhv0c7qkOJzsb7OMmvVwsQNiM59D6uaWZr-vdANo6NggiZmCKUS3tpUvdXW7ec9WMPJWhrVEkRcbWXQnZ_C7pXFrz7rLeNKw\"}"

Invoke the /keys endpoint:

curl -i localhost:8080/keys

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Mon, 7 Jun 2021 14:42:42 GMT
content-type: application/json
content-length: 892
connection: keep-alive

{"keys":[{"kty":"RSA","e":"AQAB","use":"sig","kid":"e3be37177a7c42bcbadd7cc63715f216","alg":"RS256","n":"sa6m2i-iNvj6ZSTdSHZaBrnv6DId4AqAXhOyl0yA5fNWYe6r51h24SXqk7DsGYHHh74ii74tP1lTpmy6RD67tCK-tbN-d6yc4Z6FfM8R83v2QZUfaAixgHGtw0n2toqsiHf6EloDV-B8q4GYyKDD6cLecoaIuTmMBTY3kts59U2t9W10YoLGsmFqLSz8qNF5HkahzB6_--2DiBfVGUKAXHC-SICGZCi-8efOetv6pt9vFiWEgwU_DgjRNYzLFt1SEmbGFUU4kbjQ7tNTMkHfzfwcT6qLt4kVKy2FNYsEMk24keWtCvW_RyO_fisZc0W9smX7WtYjEXhcAjDeqHgEZw"},{"kty":"RSA","e":"AQAB","use":"sig","kid":"0794e938379540dc8eaa559508524a79","alg":"RS256","n":"qYvDpV8DRU5hx9eXpE4Ms8nUXicEwrxUUz5gb5gkXpIeY82mqfQKKCP6PSFnkKYtRFTOUSm9cgGGfOd7O4NFsIsxLwXCj34X7ORr19eXKBLvG3bZJLxqRlbYuQshDMkQOui1sDBxvYnj5p4iHne6l2btH5grHOCShUWG-bKps5Y8bKNHod1pIOOBabVCmn3sUVUkZw8nyXkQqZbv-c8x6z0TEfhNOPOIt2AmmlNgrE_8g7-dnCvqfJnhv0c7qkOJzsb7OMmvVwsQNiM59D6uaWZr-vdANo6NggiZmCKUS3tpUvdXW7ec9WMPJWhrVEkRcbWXQnZ_C7pXFrz7rLeNKw"}]}

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