Groovy / Maven

Testing Micronaut Security

Learn how to test your application's behavior when a user with specific roles is authenticated

Sergio del Amo

On this guide

In this section

Getting Started

In this guide, you will learn how to test your application’s behavior when a user with specific roles is authenticated.

What you will need

To complete this guide, you will need the following:

Some time on your hands
A decent text editor or IDE (e.g. IntelliJ IDEA)
JDK 21 or greater installed with JAVA_HOME configured appropriately

Solution

We recommend that you follow the instructions in the next sections and create the application step by step. However, you can go right to the completed example.

Download and unzip the source

Writing the Application

Create an application using the Micronaut Command Line Interface or with Micronaut Launch.

mn create-app example.micronaut.micronautguide \
    --features=security \
    --build=maven \
    --lang=groovy \
    --test=spock

Note	If you don’t specify the `--build` argument, Gradle with the Kotlin DSL is used as the build tool. If you don’t specify the `--lang` argument, Java is used as the language. If you don’t specify the `--test` argument, JUnit is used for Java and Kotlin, and Spock is used for Groovy.

The previous command creates a Micronaut application with the default package example.micronaut in a directory named micronautguide.

If you use Micronaut Launch, select Micronaut Application as application type and add security features.

Note	If you have an existing Micronaut application and want to add the functionality described here, you can view the dependency and configuration changes from the specified features, and apply those changes to your application.

Diff

Setup IntelliJ IDEA to develop Micronaut Applications.

Controller

Given a controller that returns a different output depending on whether the user has a certain role or not:

groovy/src/main/groovy/example/micronaut/PlanController.groovy

package example.micronaut

import groovy.transform.CompileStatic
import io.micronaut.http.MediaType
import io.micronaut.http.annotation.Controller
import io.micronaut.http.annotation.Get
import io.micronaut.http.annotation.Produces
import io.micronaut.security.annotation.Secured
import io.micronaut.security.authentication.Authentication
import io.micronaut.security.rules.SecurityRule

@CompileStatic
@Controller // 
class PlanController {

    @Produces(MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN) // 
    @Secured(SecurityRule.IS_AUTHENTICATED) // 
    @Get("/plan") // 
    String index(Authentication authentication) { // 
        if (authentication.roles.contains("ROLE_EVIL_MASTERMIND")) {
            return "Kill Sherlock Holmes and his companions"
        }
        "Plan New Year"
    }
}

1	The class is defined as a controller with the @Controller annotation mapped to the path `/`.
2	Set the response content-type to `text/plain` with the `@Produces` annotation.
3	Annotate with `io.micronaut.security.Secured` to configure secured access. The `SecurityRule.IS_AUTHENTICATED` expression allows only access to authenticated users.
4	The @Get annotation maps the `index` method to an HTTP GET request on `/plan`.
5	You can bind `Authentication` as a parameter in a controller method.

Tests

Test authentication required

You can write tests to verify the behavior of the controller.

The following test verifies that authentication is required to access the endpoint:

groovy/src/test/groovy/example/micronaut/PlanControllerRequiresAuthenticationSpec.groovy

package example.micronaut

import io.micronaut.http.HttpRequest
import io.micronaut.http.HttpStatus
import io.micronaut.http.MediaType
import io.micronaut.http.client.HttpClient
import io.micronaut.http.client.annotation.Client
import io.micronaut.http.client.exceptions.HttpClientResponseException
import io.micronaut.test.extensions.spock.annotation.MicronautTest
import jakarta.inject.Inject
import spock.lang.Specification

@MicronautTest // 
class PlanControllerRequiresAuthenticationSpec extends Specification {

    @Inject
    @Client("/")
    HttpClient httpClient // 

    void "plan controller requires authentication"() {
        when:
        httpClient.toBlocking().exchange(HttpRequest.GET("/plan").accept(MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN))

        then:
        HttpClientResponseException ex = thrown()
        ex.status == HttpStatus.UNAUTHORIZED
    }
}

1	Annotate the class with `@MicronautTest` so the Micronaut framework will initialize the application context and the embedded server. More info.
2	Inject the `HttpClient` bean and point it to the embedded server.

Test behavior with an authenticated user without roles

The following test verifies how the controller behaves when the authenticated user lacks the ROLE_EVIL_MASTERMIND role:

groovy/src/test/groovy/example/micronaut/PlanControllerAuthenticatedSpec.groovy

package example.micronaut

import io.micronaut.context.annotation.Property
import io.micronaut.context.annotation.Requires
import io.micronaut.core.async.publisher.Publishers
import io.micronaut.http.HttpRequest
import io.micronaut.http.MediaType
import io.micronaut.http.client.HttpClient
import io.micronaut.http.client.annotation.Client
import io.micronaut.security.authentication.Authentication
import io.micronaut.security.filters.AuthenticationFetcher
import io.micronaut.test.extensions.spock.annotation.MicronautTest
import jakarta.inject.Inject
import jakarta.inject.Singleton
import org.reactivestreams.Publisher
import spock.lang.Specification

@Property(name = "spec.name", value = "PlanControllerAuthenticatedSpec") // 
@MicronautTest // 
class PlanControllerAuthenticatedSpec extends Specification {

    @Inject
    @Client("/")
    HttpClient httpClient // 

    void "plan controller returns default plan for authenticated user without evil mastermind role"() {
        when:
        String response = httpClient.toBlocking().retrieve(HttpRequest.GET("/plan").accept(MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN))

        then:
        response == "Plan New Year"
    }

    @Requires(property = "spec.name", value = "PlanControllerAuthenticatedSpec") // 
    @Singleton
    static class MockAuthenticationFetcher implements AuthenticationFetcher<HttpRequest<?>> {

        @Override
        Publisher<Authentication> fetchAuthentication(HttpRequest<?> request) {
            Publishers.just(Authentication.build("watson"))
        }
    }
}

1	Combine `@Requires` and properties (either via the `@Property` annotation or by passing properties when starting the context) to avoid bean pollution.
2	Annotate the class with `@MicronautTest` so the Micronaut framework will initialize the application context and the embedded server. More info.
3	Inject the `HttpClient` bean and point it to the embedded server.

Test behavior with an authenticated user with a role

The following test verifies how the controller behaves when the authenticated user has the ROLE_EVIL_MASTERMIND role:

groovy/src/test/groovy/example/micronaut/PlanControllerAuthenticatedWithRolesSpec.groovy

package example.micronaut

import io.micronaut.context.annotation.Property
import io.micronaut.context.annotation.Requires
import io.micronaut.core.async.publisher.Publishers
import io.micronaut.http.HttpRequest
import io.micronaut.http.MediaType
import io.micronaut.http.client.HttpClient
import io.micronaut.http.client.annotation.Client
import io.micronaut.security.authentication.Authentication
import io.micronaut.security.filters.AuthenticationFetcher
import io.micronaut.test.extensions.spock.annotation.MicronautTest
import jakarta.inject.Inject
import jakarta.inject.Singleton
import org.reactivestreams.Publisher
import spock.lang.Specification

@Property(name = "spec.name", value = "PlanControllerAuthenticatedWithRolesSpec") // 
@MicronautTest // 
class PlanControllerAuthenticatedWithRolesSpec extends Specification {

    @Inject
    @Client("/")
    HttpClient httpClient // 

    void "plan controller returns evil plan for authenticated user with evil mastermind role"() {
        when:
        String response = httpClient.toBlocking().retrieve(HttpRequest.GET("/plan").accept(MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN))

        then:
        response == "Kill Sherlock Holmes and his companions"
    }

    @Requires(property = "spec.name", value = "PlanControllerAuthenticatedWithRolesSpec") // 
    @Singleton
    static class MockAuthenticationFetcher implements AuthenticationFetcher<HttpRequest<?>> {

        @Override
        Publisher<Authentication> fetchAuthentication(HttpRequest<?> request) {
            Publishers.just(Authentication.build("moriarty", ["ROLE_EVIL_MASTERMIND"]))
        }
    }
}

1	Combine `@Requires` and properties (either via the `@Property` annotation or by passing properties when starting the context) to avoid bean pollution.
2	Annotate the class with `@MicronautTest` so the Micronaut framework will initialize the application context and the embedded server. More info.
3	Inject the `HttpClient` bean and point it to the embedded server.

Testing the Application

To run the tests:

./mvnw test

Next Steps

See the Micronaut security documentation to learn more.

Help with the Micronaut Framework

The Micronaut Foundation sponsored the creation of this Guide. A variety of consulting and support services are available.

License

Note	All guides are released with an Apache License 2.0 for the code and a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license for the writing and media (images).